Alphabet and Letter - a history of the roman alphabet
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The Alphabet and Elements of Lettering by Frederic W. Goudy
Chapter 4: The Development of the Roman Capital, page 5



Through all the centuries since the first use of Roman capitals, scribes and printers have been developing uncials, half uncials, capitals, lower-case letters, and italics; the original form of the Roman majuscule from which each of these later forms is derived has been retained in all its essentials and still holds an organic place in the books and inscriptions of today. Especially is this apparent in the stone-cut inscriptions of the present. Other forms of lettering used in common commercialism have suffered, yet the fine tradition of the lapidary capital still persists. Forms based on metal types or on hand lettering often seem mean, trivial, and without dignity when inscribed in stone. Much modern work seems to lack the spirit of delight in fine craftsmanship so evident in the old work.

Letters, to be classic, need not be cast in Greek or Latin mold; if they are expressed clearly, as a Greek or Roman might have rendered them, with entire freedom from whims and with a realization of the necessity for directness, no frigid adherence or pedantic prejudice for the Greek or Latin forms themselves is essential. Classicism, therefore, is not the mere reproduction of those creations, but, instead, is the craftsman's individual reexpression, in the spirit of the classical, of the thought underlying those ancient characters.


FIG.15 LETTERS FROM AN INSCRIPTION IN THE CHURCH OF S. ANAstASIA, ROME [A.D. 1261], SHOW, ING AN UNUSUAL FORM OF AN INSCRIPTIONAL 'Y,' A LETTER OF LATE IMPORTATION INTO THE LATIN AND OIUG INALL Y USED ONLY IN WORDS BORROWED FROM nlE GREEK, FROM A RUBBING MADE BY TIlE AUTHOR



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The Alphabet and Elements of Lettering
by Frederic W. Goudy

Introduction
What Letters Are
Letters in General
The Development of the Roman Capital
Letters Before Printing
The National Hands
The Development of Gothic
The Beginnings of Types
The Qualities of Lettering
Some Practical Considerations
Notes on the Plates


Greek alphabet
Hebrew alphabet
Sign language alphabet
Cherokee alphabet
Russian alphabet
Phonetic alphabet
Braille alphabet
Egyptian alphabet
Cyrillic alphabet
Aramaic alphabet
Morse code alphabet
Runic alphabet