Alphabet and Letter - a history of the roman alphabet
A history of alphabets from around the world

The Alphabet and Elements of Lettering by Frederic W. Goudy
Chapter 7: The Development of Gothic, page 3



Late Gothic is narrow and condensed in the extreme, the letters have angular & acute corners, and the ascenders and descenders are shortened with marked loss of legibility. [See fig. 33.] When a form was evolved in which the amount of black overbalanced the white, it


FIG. 36 'GOUDY TEXT' LOWERCASE, DRAWING FOR TYPE
was called "black-letter." As in all pen-drawn forms, the broad lines are the down right-sloped strokes; but as the intrinsic value of Gothic lies in its freedom, no absolute rule for the form can be stated. Gothic quality applies rather to the spirit than to exact form, as every individual letter may have several quasi-authoritative shapes, each of which is acceptable if it preserves an intelligent conception of the spirit of freedom, which is the essential of Gothic lettering.

The large word "Alphabet" on the title page of this book, drawn by the writer, is based on the Gothic lettering shown in the plates and illustrates the slight changes necessary to give an entirely fresh aspect to traditional forms. The lower-case letters are variations of the Italian round hand.

"Tory Text," by F.W. G. [see fig. 32, p. 64], is based on the sixteenth-century "lettres bâtardes" of Geofroy Tory of Bourges as shown in his book, 'Champ Fleury,' on the correct proportions of letters - "the most useless and most curious work on lettering in existence." I have made many departures in my translations of Tory's letters into type, simplifying the forms and redrawing a number to meet the requirements of legibility for modern eyes.




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The Alphabet and Elements of Lettering
by Frederic W. Goudy

Introduction
What Letters Are
Letters in General
The Development of the Roman Capital
Letters Before Printing
The National Hands
The Development of Gothic
The Beginnings of Types
The Qualities of Lettering
Some Practical Considerations
Notes on the Plates


Greek alphabet
Hebrew alphabet
Sign language alphabet
Cherokee alphabet
Russian alphabet
Phonetic alphabet
Braille alphabet
Egyptian alphabet
Cyrillic alphabet
Aramaic alphabet
Morse code alphabet
Runic alphabet